SARS CoV-2 COVID-19 Pandemic
We publish this page in the hope that our members, and the antiviral community at large, will find it useful in their quest for a world in which viral outbreaks are no longer a constant major threat.
ISAR members are invited to submit any links that may be of interest for their evaluation and potential addition to this page.
Older information can be found in this page
Links of general interest about the SARS CoV-2 and the COVID-19 outbreak:
GILEAD SCIENCES STATEMENT ON THE SOLIDARITY TRIALFDA rescinded the emergency authorization for the use of hydroxychloroquine against SARS CoV-2
WHO suspends chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine clinical trials for COVID-19
COVID R&D: Pharmas align behind crowdsourcing solution- A partnership among pharmaceutical companies to speed up progress towards COVID-19 solutions
NIH to launch public-private partnership to speed COVID-19 vaccine and treatment options: Health agencies and leading pharmaceutical companies to join forces to accelerate pandemic response.
A comprehensive statistical description of the pandemic in different countries
A resource developed by economists providing an excellent range of statistical descriptions of the pandemic, with clear explanations of the meaning of the numbers, including their intrinsic limitations and what do they actually present.
A comprehensive SARS CoV-2/COVID-19 resource center from Biocentury
A collection of information about pre-clinical and clinical trial stage therapeutics, drugs being used in patients, and the current regulation meetings status landscape. In response to the urgency of the COVID-19 crisis, Biocentury is making this information available for free. To visit the portal, please follow this link
The SARS CoV-2/COVID-19 interactive map- a collaborative effort
A collaborative resource to develop a host-pathogens mechanism based disease map for the pathogenesis of COVID-19. To participate, or to browse through the standardized information as it is being deposited, please follow this link
There is an inverse correlation between COVID-19 and GDP per capita
Confirmed Deaths versus testing per country
Remdesivir (All Populations Monograph)
SARS-CoV-2 in animals, including pets- Statement from the American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)
WHO: Home page for all information and documents regarding the 2019-nCOV
Epidemiology:
There is an unexpected direct correlation between COVID19 mortality and GDP losses in 2020
Number and frequency of cases, deaths, and tests in different countries
Korea CDC (KCDC) report on number of cases
Italy: Ministero della Salute official reports (in Italian)
Italy: SARS-2 COVID cases by region
China CDC epidemic tracking (updated daily)
Real time tracking of the epidemic by the Center for Systems Science and Engineering (CSSE), John Hopkins University
Number of confirmed and suspected cases, recoveries, and fatalities ( in Chinese)
WHO epidemic tracking in real timeStatistical descriptions of COVID-19 global outbreak
Current news:
The protocols for the clinical trials of the SASR CoV-2 vaccines by Astra-Zeneca, Moderna and Pfizer have been published
Pfizer announced the initiation of its Phase 1b clinical trial to evaluate the safety of a novel investigational therapeutic for COVID-19, PF-07304814
Lilly announces proof of concept data for neutralizing antibody LY-CoV555 in the COVID-19 outpatient setting
Merck and Ridgeback Bio Collaborate to Advance Development of Novel Antiviral Candidate, EIDD-2801
At the Epicenter of the Covid-19 Pandemic and Humanitarian Crises in Italy: Changing Perspectives on Preparation and Mitigation- NEJM Catalyst, a view from Italy about the potential major role of nosocomial transmission in the Italian outbreak
A fiasco in the making? As the coronavirus pandemic takes hold, we are making decisions without reliable data - A different opinion
Aggregated scientific information sites:
Novel Coronavirus Information Center from Elsevier
The Lancet 2019-nCoV Resource Centre
New England Journal of Medicine 2019-nCoV publications
Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) 2019-CoV updates, news and publications
COVID-19 Open Research Dataset Challenge (CORD-19) A database of publications in SARS CoV-2/COVID-19 assembled by AI
Pre-prints and Published papers:
HIGHLIGHTED
Repurposed antiviral drugs for COVID-19 –interim WHO SOLIDARITY trial results
SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in development
Pathogenesis of COVID-19 from the Perspective of the Damage-Response Framework
SARS-CoV-2 Infection Depends on Cellular Heparan Sulfate and ACE2
SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell immunity in cases of COVID-19 and SARS, and uninfected controls
An mRNA Vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 — Preliminary Report
RETRACTED - Hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine with or without a macrolide for treatment of COVID-19: a multinational registry analysis- - Except for Surgisphere CEO Sapan Desal, all other authors have retracted this publication because Surgisphere would not release the original dataset for an independent audit requested by the other co-authors.
Gilead Announces Results From Phase 3 Trial of Remdesivir in Patients With Moderate COVID-19
DNA vaccine protection against SARS-CoV-2 in rhesus macaques
Remdesivir for the Treatment of Covid-19 — Preliminary Report
Convalescent plasma treatment of severe COVID-19: A matched control studyRespiratory virus shedding in exhaled breath and efficacy of face masks
A mouse-adapted SARS-CoV-2 model for the evaluation of COVID-19 medical countermeasures
Reinfection could not occur in SARS-CoV-2 infected rhesus macaques
Evaluation of heating and chemical protocols for inactivating SARS-CoV-2
Aerodynamic analysis of SARS-CoV-2 in two Wuhan hospital -The original preprint was posted a month ago and is under "clinical"
Outcomes of hydroxychloroquine usage in United States veterans hospitalized with Covid-19 - No benefits were observed and mortality was higher in the treated groups
Saliva is more sensitive for SARS-CoV-2 detection in COVID-19 patients than nasopharyngeal swabs
Clinical benefit of remdesivir in rhesus macaques infected with SARS-CoV-2
Projecting the transmission dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 through the postpandemic period
Spread of SARS-CoV-2 in the Icelandic Population
Pharmacologic Treatments for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)- A Review A thorough review published in JAMA discussing the limited clinical evidence showing beneficial effects for most approaches being used
Compassionate Use of Remdesivir for Patients with Severe Covid-19- A small cohort analysis of compassionate use of remdesivir in which most patients improved, including 57% of patients under mechanical ventilation who were extubated. Mortality for patients under mechanical ventilation was only 13%, and only 1 patient not under mechanical ventilation succumbed to disease.
Viral dynamics in mild and severe cases of COVID-19
Identifying SARS-CoV-2 related coronaviruses in Malayan pangolins
ANTIVIRAL THERAPY and PROPHYLAXIS
ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine prevents SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in rhesus macaques
Dexamethasone in Hospitalized Patients with Covid-19 — Preliminary Report
A SARS-CoV-2 Infection Model in Mice Demonstrates Protection by Neutralizing Antibodies
Treatment of 6 COVID-19 Patients with Convalescent Plasma
Treatment of COVID-19 Patients with Convalescent Plasma in Houston, Texas
The feasibility of convalescent plasma therapy in severe COVID- 19 patients: a pilot study
Discovery of potent inhibitors of PLproCoV2 by screening a library of selenium-containing compounds
Human IgG cell neutralizing monoclonal antibodies block SARS-CoV-2 infection
Potently neutralizing human antibodies that block SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding and protect animals
Early Safety Indicators of COVID-19 Convalescent Plasma in 5,000 Patients
Lack of Antiviral Activity of Darunavir against SARS-CoV-2
SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV differ in their cell tropism and drug sensitivity profiles
Of chloroquine and COVID-19 - A commentary in Antiviral Research highlighting the common failures in attempting to translate the in vitro antiviral activity of chloroquine against a number of viruses into robust in vivo antiviral activity in animal models or humans.
Efficacy of hydroxychloroquine in patients with COVID-19: results of a randomized clinical trial
Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 infections in engineered human tissues using clinical-grade soluble human ACE2
FDA approved drugs with broad anti-coronaviral activity inhibit SARS-CoV-2 in vitro
Two studies focusing on interactomes to identify potential drugs for repurposing (with the caveat that the safety in COVID-19 patients of drugs with known pharmacological activities is unknown):
Network-based drug repurposing for novel coronavirus 2019-nCoV/SARS-CoV-2
Favipiravir versus Arbidol for COVID-19: A Randomized Clinical Trial
A Trial of Lopinavir–Ritonavir in Adults Hospitalized with Severe Covid-19
A human monoclonal antibody blocking SARS-CoV-2 infection
Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 infection (previously 2019-nCoV) by a highly potent pan-coronavirus fusion inhibitor targeting its spike protein that harbors a high capacity to mediate membrane fusionStructure of Mpro from COVID-19 virus and discovery of its inhibitors
SARS-CoV-2 sensitive to type I interferon pretreatment
Outcome reporting from protocols of clinical trials of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): a review
A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin
Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine as available weapons to fight COVID-19
Efficient inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 by WHO-recommended hand rub formulations and alcohols
MOLECULAR VIROLOGY, GENOMICS and EVOLUTION
The coding capacity of SARS-CoV-2
Binding of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein to Glycans
Structure of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase from 2019-nCoV, a major antiviral drug target
SARS-CoV-2 spike protein binds heparan sulfate in a length- and sequence-dependent manner
An infectious cDNA clone of SARS-CoV-2
The aging transcriptome and cellular landscape of the human lung in relation to SARS-CoV-2
SARS-CoV-2 launches a unique transcriptional signature from in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo systems
Bat Coronaviruses in China- A pre-pandemic review discussing why it was important to study bat coronaviruses in China
Spike protein recognition of mammalian ACE2 predicts the host range and an optimized ACE2 for SARS-CoV-2 infection- an in silicons analysis predicting that dogs would be susceptible
Susceptibility of ferrets, cats, dogs, and different domestic animals to SARS-coronavirus-2- an experimental study showing that dogs are fairly resistant to infection
SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing serum antibodies in cats: a serological investigation
Identifying SARS-CoV-2 related coronaviruses in Malayan pangolins
LY6E impairs coronavirus fusion and confers immune control of viral disease
The architecture of SARS-CoV-2 transcriptome
Characterization of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike in an Early Prefusion Conformation
Crystal structure of Nsp15 endoribonuclease NendoU from SARS-CoV-2
Direct RNA sequencing and early evolution of SARS-CoV-2
Genomic diversity of SARS-CoV-2 in Coronavirus Disease 2019 patients
Discovery of a 382-nt deletion during the early evolution of SARS-CoV-2
Structural basis for the recognition of the SARS-CoV-2 by full-length human ACE2
Partial RdRp sequences offer a robust method for Coronavirus subgenus classification
The species Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus: classifying 2019-nCoV and naming it SARS-CoV-2 -_The published paper
Crystal structure of Nsp15 endoribonuclease NendoU from SARS-CoV-2
On the origin and continuing evolution of SARS-CoV-2
Response to “On the origin and continuing evolution of SARS-CoV-2”
Evidence for RNA editing in the transcriptome of 2019 Novel Coronavirus
Betacoronavirus Adaptation to Humans Involved Progressive Loss of Hemagglutinin-Esterase Lectin Activity -A paper from 2017 describing one potential adaptation that allowed previous betacoronaviruses to cross species barriers and infect humans
Structural basis for the recognition of the 2019-nCoV by human ACE2
Cryo-EM structures of HKU2 and SADS-CoV spike glycoproteins and insights into coronavirus evolution- Structural analyses of the potential evolution of another coronavirus from bats to piglets
Cryo-EM Structure of the 2019-nCoV Spike in the Prefusion Conformation
Structural modeling of 2019-novel coronavirus (nCoV) spike protein reveals a proteolytically-sensitive activation loop as a distinguishing feature compared to SARS-CoV and related SARS-like coronaviruses -(The actual structure of the receptor binding domain has now been solved)
Fusion mechanism of 2019-nCoV and fusion inhibitors targeting HR1 domain in spike protein
The insert sequence in SARS-CoV-2 enhances spike protein cleavage by TMPRSS
PATHOGENESIS
SARS-CoV-2 lethality decreased over time in two Italian Provinces
Rhesus macaques can be effectively infected with SARS-CoV-2 via ocular conjunctival route
SARS-CoV2 infection in farmed mink, Netherlands, April 2020
Convergent Antibody Responses to SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Convalescent Individuals
Clinical characteristics of 113 deceased patients with coronavirus disease 2019: retrospective study
COVID-19-related mortality by age groups in Europe: A meta-analysis
Level of IL-6 predicts respiratory failure in hospitalized symptomatic COVID-19 patients
Comparative pathogenesis of COVID-19, MERS and SARS in a non-human primate model
Recapitulation of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Cholangiocyte Damage with Human Liver Organoids
Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infected patients with persistent negative CT findings
DIAGNOSTICS
SARS-CoV-2 specific antibody responses in COVID-19 patient
Covert COVID-19 and false-positive dengue serology in Singapore
Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in Different Types of Clinical Specimens
Recurrence of positive SARS-CoV-2 RNA in COVID-19: A case report
Isolation and characterization of SARS-CoV-2 from the first US COVID-19 patient
Positive RT-PCR Test Results in Patients Recovered From COVID-19
A simple laboratory parameter (eosinopenia) facilitates early identification of COVID-19 patients
CLINICAL
Outbreak of COVID-19 in Germany Resulting from a Single Travel-Associated Primary Case
Covid-19 in Critically Ill Patients in the Seattle Region — Case Series
Case-Fatality Rate and Characteristics of Patients Dying in Relation to COVID-19 in Italy
Estimating clinical severity of COVID-19 from the transmission dynamics in Wuhan, China
Detection of Covid-19 in Children in Early January 2020 in Wuhan, China
Dysregulation of immune response in patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China
Aerosol and Surface Stability of SARS-CoV-2 as Compared with SARS-CoV-1
The demand for inpatient and ICU beds for COVID-19 in the US: lessons from Chinese cities
First 12 patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the United States
Retrospective Analysis of Clinical Features in 101 Death Cases with COVID-19
Virological assessment of hospitalized cases of coronavirus disease 2019
Aerodynamic Characteristics and RNA Concentration of SARS-CoV-2 Aerosol in Wuhan Hospitals during COVID-19 Outbreak- A small field study
Comparison of severe and non-severe COVID-19 pneumonia: review and meta-analysis
Coronavirus in pregnancy and delivery: rapid review and expert consensus
Air, Surface Environmental, and Personal Protective Equipment Contamination by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) From a Symptomatic Patient- A small (n=3) study published in JAMA
Pulmonary Pathology of Early Phase SARS-COV-2 Pneumonia
Novel Coronavirus Infection in Hospitalized Infants Under 1 Year of Age in China
Therapeutic and triage strategies for 2019 novel coronavirus disease in fever clinics
Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in China
Interim Epidemiological and clinical characteristic of COVID-19 28 cases in South Korea - February 27
Severe SARS-CoV-2 infections: practical considerations and management strategy for intensivists
Potential Presymptomatic Transmission of SARS-CoV-2, Zhejiang Province, China, 2020
Radiological findings from 81 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study
Clinical and immunologic features in severe and moderate forms of Coronavirus Disease 2019- Lymphopenia appears common
Clinical characteristics of 50404 patients with 2019-nCoV infection -A meta-analysis
Comparative study of the lymphocyte change between COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 pneumonia cases suggesting uncontrolled inflammation might not be the main reason of tissue injury Lymphopenia appears common
SARS-CoV-2 Viral Load in Upper Respiratory Specimens of Infected Patients
Asymptomatic cases in a family cluster with SARS-CoV-2 infection
Evidence of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Returning Travelers from Wuhan, China-The largest description of the outbreak (>44,000 cases)
Persistence of coronaviruses on inanimate surfaces and its inactivation with biocidal agents
Incubation period of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infections among travellers from Wuhan, China, 20–28 January 2020
Clinical characteristics of novel coronavirus cases in tertiary hospitals in Hubei Province
EPIDEMIOLOGY
Jumping back and forth: anthropozoonotic and zoonotic transmission of SARS-CoV-2 on mink farms
Effect of non-pharmaceutical interventions to contain COVID-19 in China
Introductions and early spread of SARS-CoV-2 in the New York City area
COVID-19 Antibody Seroprevalence in Santa Clara County, California - Analysis using commercial serological tests with yet not fully characterized specificity (30 negatives and 37 positives were used as controls)
Patterns of the COVID19 epidemic spread around the world: exponential vs power laws
SARS-CoV-2 titers in wastewater are higher than expected from clinically confirmed cases
Epidemiology of Covid-19 in a Long-Term Care Facility in King County, Washington
Impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) to reduce COVID-19 mortality and healthcare demand
Temporal dynamics in viral shedding and transmissibility of COVID-19
Excess cases of Influenza like illnesses in France synchronous with COVID19 invasion.
CoViD–19: An Automatic, Semiparametric Estimation Method for the Population Infected in Italy
Rational evaluation of various epidemic models based on the COVID-19 data of China
Strongly heterogeneous transmission of COVID–19 in mainland China: local and regional variation
The serial interval of COVID-19 from publicly reported confirmed cases
The effect of control strategies that reduce social mixing on outcomes of the COVID-19 epidemic in Wuhan, China
Case fatality risk of novel coronavirus diseases 2019 in China
Estimate the incubation period of coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19)
Secondary attack rate and superspreading events for SARS-CoV-2
Genomic variations of COVID-19 suggest multiple outbreak sources of transmission
An interactive web-based dashboard to track COVID-19 in real time
Multivariate Analyses of Codon Usage of SARS-CoV-2 and other betacoronaviruses
SARS-like WIV1-CoV poised for human emergence -A paper from 2016 rising the prospect of a new bat coronavirus entering the human population
Recombination and convergent evolution led to the emergence of 2019 Wuhan coronavirus
Clinical diagnosis of 8274 samples with 2019-novel coronavirus in Wuhan
Time-varying transmission dynamics of Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia in China
Genomics:
Current phylogeny of SARS CoV-2
https://ncbiinsights.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2020/01/13/novel-coronavirus/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/?term=wuhan+coronavirus
List of available 2019-nCOV sequences (NCBI)
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